I/O SYSTEMS
STRUCTURE OF AN I/O SYSTEM
I/O MODULES

PROGRAMMED I/O

• Principle of Programmed I/O
• I/O Device Addressing
• I/O Instructions
• Disadvantages of Programmed I/O

INTERRUPT-DRIVEN I/O

• Principle of Interrupt-Driven I/O
• Multiple-Interrupt Systems
• Priority Interrupt Systems: Parallel Priority Interrupts; Daisy-Chain Priority Interrupts

DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS (DMA)

• Principle of I/O through DMA
• Execution of DMA Transfers
• Configurations of Systems Using DMA Transfers

I/O PROCESSORS

• Principle of I/O through I/O Processors
• Execution of an I/O Program
• Intel I/O Processors

INTRODUCTION
ELECTRICAL CONSIDERATIONS
DATA TRANSFER SYNCHRONIZATION

• Synchronous Buses
• Asynchronous Buses

BUS ARBITRATION

• Centralized Arbitration
• Decentralized Arbitration

VME BUS

• Overview
• Parallel VME Variants
• Modules and Connectors
• VXS Standard

LOCAL BUSES
PCI BUS

• Overview
• Operation Details
• Bus Arbitration
• PCI Transactions
• PCI Interrupts

PCI BUS VARIANTS

• PCI-X Bus
• PCI Express Bus: Overview; PCI Express Link; Bus Topology; Architecture Layers; PCI Express Transactions; PCI Express Interrupts; Versions of PCI Express Standards
• Variants for Portable Computers: Mini PCI; PCMCIA Standards; CardBus; ExpressCard
• Variants for Industrial Systems: PMC Mezzanine Card; XMC Mezzanine Card; CompactPCI; COM Express

SERIAL BUSES

• I²C Bus: Overview; START and STOP Conditions; Data Transfers; Bus Variants
• SPI Bus: Overview; Bus Signals; Operation; Advantages and Disadvantages; Comparison with I²C Bus
• USB: Introduction; Features; Bus Topology; USB Versions; Cables and Connectors; Electrical Interface; Transfer Types

LIQUID CRYSTALS
TN TECHNOLOGY

• Principle of Operation
• Color Displays
• Structural Details
• STN Technology
• DSTN Technology
• FSTN Technology

ADDRESSING METHODS

• Direct Addressing
• Multiplexed Addressing: Passive Matrix Displays; Active Matrix Displays

BACKLIGHTING
CHARACTERISTICS

• Response Time
• Contrast Ratio
• Color Depth
• Color Gamut
• Viewing Angle

VA TECHNOLOGY

• Principle of VA Technology
• MVA Technology
• PVA Technology

IPS TECHNOLOGY

• Principle of IPS Technology
• S-IPS Technology
• H-IPS Technology
• PLS Technology

OLED DISPLAYS

• Organic Materials
• Principle of Operation
• Manufacturing Technologies
• Passive-Matrix Displays
• Active-Matrix Displays
• Advantages and Disadvantages

ELECTRONIC PAPER DISPLAYS

• Principle of Operation
• Color Technologies
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Applications

STRUCTURE OF A GRAPHICS ADAPTER
VIDEO MEMORY
GRAPHICS ACCELERATORS
3D ACCELERATORS

• 3D Images
• 3D Operations

GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNITS

• Overview
• GPGPU Computing
• The CUDA Architecture
• The NVIDIA GP100 GPU

DIGITAL INTERFACES FOR MONITORS

• DVI
• HDMI
• DisplayPort: Overview; DisplayPort Architecture; Embedded DisplayPort (eDP)

CLASSIFICATION OF OPTICAL DISCS
COMPACT DISCS

• Compact Disc Physical Medium
• Data Organization and Encoding
• Optical Read Assembly
• CD-R
• CD-RW

DVDs

• Overview
• DVD-ROM
• DVD-R
• DVD+R
• DVD-RW
• DVD+RW

BLU-RAY DISCS

• Overview
• BD-R/RE Discs
• BDXL Discs
• BD-R/RE AV Format
• BD-ROM Discs
• Ultra HD Blu-ray Discs
• BD-ROM AV Format
• Experimental Blu-ray Discs